Library Hours for
More Library hours
APA Print & Media Sources
Examples are based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition, and assistance provided by APA editorial staff. When available, APA rule numbers are referenced.
Related Pages
Summary Handout
Citing Legal Documents
- Blue Book: A Uniform
System of Citation
LCC Library Reference, 2nd Floor TLC, KF 245 .B58 2005
- APA Style-Citing Legal
Materials
Guide created by Westfield State College Ely Library
Books
Book with one author
Example
Chang, J. (1991). Wild swans: Three daughters of China (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Parts of citation
Name of author. (Year of publication). Title (Edition). City of publication, State: Name of publisher.
APA Manual 7.02 (p. 202)
Book with an editor or translator (anthology, compilation, bibliography)
Example
Mariani, P. (Ed.). (1991). Critical fictions: The politics of imaginative writing. Seattle, WA: Bay Press.
Parts of citation
Name of editor. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title. City of publication, State: Name of publisher.
APA Manual 7.02 (p. 202)
Book with multiple authors
Book with two authors
Example
Stuart, C., & Stuart, T. (1996). Africa's vanishing wildlife. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Parts of citation
Author's last name, A. A. & Author's last name, B. B. (Year of publication). Title (Edition). City of publication, State: Name of publisher.
Book with three authors
Example
Oliver, O. S., Chiras, D. D., & Reganold, J. P. (1998). Natural resource conservation (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Simon & Schuster.
Parts of citation
Author's last name, A. A., Author's last name, B. B., & Author's last name, C. C. (Year of publication). Title (Edition). City of publication, State: Name of publisher.
Book with more than seven authors
List the first six authors, then use an ellipsis (...) and the last author listed.
Parts of citation
Author's last name, A.A., Author's last name, B. B., Author's last name, C. C., Author's last name, D. D., Author's last name, E. E., Author's last name, F. F., ... Author's last name, G. G.. (Year of publication). Title (Edition). City of publication, State: Name of publisher.
APA Manual 7.01 and 7.02 (pp. 198, 202)
Book with no author or editor
Alphabetize sources with no author or editor by the first significant word in title.
Example
The American heritage dictionary of the English language (3rd ed.). (1992). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Parts of citation
Title (Edition). (Year of publication). City of publication, State: Name of publisher.
APA Manual 7.02 (p. 203)
Article or chapter in an edited book
Example
Ross, M. (1997). The death penalty is too expensive. In P. A. Winters (Ed.), The death penalty: Opposing viewpoints (pp. 134-138). San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press.
Parts of citation
Name of author of article. (Year of publication). Title of article. In Name of editor (Ed.), Title of book (page range of article). City of book publication, State: Name of publisher.
APA Manual 7.02 (p. 202)
Dictionary entry or encyclopedia article
Entry or article with author
Example
Ford-Martin, P. A. (1999). Depressive disorders. In The Gale encyclopedia of medicine (Vol. 2, pp. 924-928). Detroit, MI: Gale.
Parts of citation
Name of author. (Year of publication). Title of entry. In Name of encyclopedia. (Edition number, Volume number, page range). City of publication, State: Name of publisher.
Entry or article with no author
Example
Puma. (1997). In New encyclopedia Britannica (15th ed., Vol. 9, p. 796). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica.
Parts of citation
Title of entry. (Year of publication). In Name of encyclopedia. (Edition number, Volume number, page range). City of publication, State: Name of publisher.
APA Manual 7.02 (p. 203)
Periodicals
Journal article
Journal with continuous pagination
The page numbers in one issue begin where the previous issue left off, so you do not need to include the issue number.
Examples
Dierker, L. C., Avenevoli, S., Stolar, M., & Merikangas, K. R. (2002). Smoking and depression: An examination of mechanisms of comorbidity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 947-954. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00026-4
Smith, M. (1999). To speak of trees: Social constructivism, environmental values, and the future of deep ecology. Environmental Ethics, 21, 359-376.
Parts of citation
Name of author. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number, page range. doi:xxxx (if available)
Journal with non-continuous pagination
Each issue begins on page 1, so you must include both volume and issue number.
Example
Frank, T. H. (1995). The interpretation of limits: Doctors and novelists in the fiction of Philip Roth. Journal of Popular Culture, 8(4), 67-80. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1995.676844.x
Parts of citation
Name of author. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range. doi:xxxx (if available)
APA Manual 7.01 (pp. 198-199)
Newspaper article
Example
Goldberg, C. (2000, February 26). Big gap in screening U.S. infants for hereditary ills. The New York Times, p. A1.
Meyerson, H. (2002, May 11). Early outs will cut DNR to the bone. The Grand Rapids Press, pp. D1, D5.
Parts of citation
Name of author. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, page range.
APA Manual 7.01 #10 (pp. 200)
Magazine article
Examples
Bardach, J. (1988, March). Aquaculture: Moving from craft to industry. Environment, 30(20), 6-15.
Magnets that move moods: New treatment for depression. (2002, June 24). Newsweek, 139(25), 57.
Parts of citation
Name of author. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Magazine, volume number(issue number), page range.
APA Manual 7.01 (p.200)
Article with no author
Alphabetize sources with no author or editor by the first significant word in the title.
Example
Ivory Crackdown. (2004, March 27). New Scientist, 181(2440), 4.
Parts of citation
Title of article. (Date of publication). Title of Magazine, volume number(issue number), page range.
APA Manual 7.01 #9 (p. 200)
Media Sources
TV program
TV program or series
Example
Rakieten, E. (Executive Producer). (2006, November 21). The Oprah Winfrey show [Television series]. Chicago, IL: Harpo Productions.
Parts of citation
Name of originator or primary producer. (Function of originator or primary producer). (Date of broadcast). Name of television program or series. [Television broadcast or Television series]. City where distributor is located, State: Name of distributor.
TV series episode
Example
Nawaz, Z. (Writer) & Kennedy, M. (Director). (2007, February). The barrier. [Television series episode]. In S. Flanders (Producer), Little mosque on the prairie. Toronto, Canada: CBC.
Parts of citation
Name of writer (Writer) & Name of director (Director). (Date of broadcast). Title of episode. [Television series episode]. In Name of producer (Producer), Name of television series. City where distributor is located, State: Name of distributor.
APA Manual 7.07 (pp. 209-210)
Radio program
Example
Smiley, T. (Host). (2004, July 1). Tavis Smiley. [Radio broadcast]. East Lansing, MI: WKAR.
Parts of citation
Name of originator or primary producer. (Function of originator or primary producer). (Date of broadcast). Name of radio program. [Radio broadcast]. City where distributor is located, State: Name of distributor.
APA Manual 7.07 (p. 209)
Interview on TV or radio program
President George W. Bush was interviewed in the episode of Newshour with Jim Lehrer listed below. However, you do not need to mention the interview in your citation, just cite the episode. Then, in the text of your paper, you can mention that the interview occurred during this episode.
Example
Lehrer, J. (Host). (2007, January 16). Newshour with Jim Lehrer. [Television broadcast]. Washington, DC: PBS.
Parts of citation
Name of originator or primary producer. (Function of originator or primary producer). (Date of broadcast). Name of television program or series. [Television broadcast or Television series]. City where distributor is located, State: Name of distributor.
APA Manual 7.07 (p. 210)
Interview
In-person, telephone, and email interviews which have not been archived are not considered recoverable data and therefore are not included in a references list. However, you will want to include relevant information in your in-text reference.
APA Manual 6.20 (p. 179)
DVD, motion picture or video recording
Example
Arledge, B. (Writer/Producer). (1999). Surviving aids [Videotape]. South Burlington, VT: WGBH Boston Video.
Parts of citation
Name or originator or primary producer. (Function of originator or primary producer). (Year of release). Title of work [Motion picture, DVD, or Videotape]. Country of origin: Name of studio
APA Manual 7.07 (p. 209)
Compact disc
CD sound recording
Example
Gilliam, J. (Author/Speaker). (2000). How to handle difficult people [CD]. Carol Stream, IL: Oasis Audio.
Parts of citation
Name of originators or primary contributors. (Function of originators or primary contributors). (Year of release). Title of recording [CD]. City where distributor is located, State: Name of distributor.
CD no sound - non periodical
Example
Choices [Compact disc]. (2006). Oroville, WA: Bridges Transitions.
Parts of citation
Title of CD [Compact disc]. (Year of publication). City of publication, State: Name of CD publisher.
APA Manual 7.07 (pp. 209-210)
Audiocassette
Example
Christie, J. (Speaker). (1996). Sense and sensibility. [Cassette recording]. New York, NY: Penguin Audiobooks.
Parts of citation
Name of originators or primary contributors. (Function of originators or primary contributors). (Year of release.) Title of recording. [Cassette recording]. City where distributor is located, State: Name of distributor.
APA Manual 7.07 (pp. 209-210)
Video game
Do not italicize software titles.
Example
Pokemon Mystery Dungeon: Blue Rescue Team. (2006). [PlayStation software]. Redmond, WA: Nintendo of America.
Parts of Citation
Author of game. Title of game. (Year of release.) [Medium]. City where publisher is located, State: Name of publisher.
APA Manual 7.07 (p. 210)
Legal Documents
Michigan law (Michigan Compiled Laws Annotated)
Example
Safe Drinking Water Act. Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. 325.1007 (West 1999).
Parts of citation
Title of the act. MCLA abbreviated title. Section number. (Publisher year).
APA Manual Appendix A7.04#11 (p. 220); The Bluebook Rule 12.3.1; Table 1 (p. 215)
Michigan Supreme Court case
Example
People v. Davis, 472 Mich. 156 (2005).
Parts of citation
First party v. Second party, Volume number Michigan Reports abbreviated title First page of case (year case decided).
APA Manual Appendix A7.03 #1 (p. 217); The Bluebook Rule 10; Table 1 (p. 215)
Michigan Court of Appeals case
Example
Tuggle v. Department of State Police, 269 Mich App 657 (2005).
Parts of citation
First party v. Second party, Volume number Michigan Appeals Reports abbreviation First page of case (year case decided).
APA Manual Appendix A7.03 #7(p. 219); The Bluebook Rule 10; Table 1 (p. 215)
Federal law (original version, as passed)
Example
Fair Credit and Charge Card Disclosure Act of 1988. Pub. L. 100-583. 3 Nov. 1988. Stat. 102.2960.
Parts of citation
Title of the law. Public law number. Date enacted. Statutes at Large cataloging number.
APA Manual Appendix A7.03 (p. 220); The Bluebook Rule 12.3.1
Federal Court case
Example
United States Department of Defense v. Federal Labor Relations Authority. No 92-1223. Supreme Ct. of the US. 23 February 1994.
Parts of citation
Title of case. Number of the case. Name of court that decided the case. Date of decision.
APA Manual Appendix A7.03 #8 (p. 219); The Bluebook Rule 10
